The average human has about 1.8 trillion immune cells. These cells patrol the body for bacteria, viruses, cancers, and other threats. Vaccines enhance this security system by teaching our immune cells ...
Prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines such as Cervarix® and Gardasil®9 induce robust and sustained antibody responses over time. One driver of such responses is memory B-cells (MBCs), primed ...
Humoral immune responses to vaccination or infection involve the activation of rare antigen-specific B cells, their clonal expansion and differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells (PCs). PCs ...